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Lycium arabicum Schweinf. ex Boiss. is a plant belonging to the Solanaceae family [1] distributed in various parts of the world, especially in South America. In folk medicine of North Africa the decoction of leaves of the species ...
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Lycium arabicum Schweinf. ex Boiss. is a plant belonging to the Solanaceae family [1] distributed in various parts of the world, especially in South America. In folk medicine of North Africa the decoction of leaves of the species is used for falling, while the juice of leaves is used as an eye lotion for ophthalmic diseases. Its fruits possess properties more or less similar to the leaves [2].
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Background: Mitochondrial disease often manifests with ophthalmologic signs and symptoms. Due to the important role of mitochondria in aerobic metabolism, the eyes are among the more preferentially involved organs. The clinical di...
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Background: Mitochondrial disease often manifests with ophthalmologic signs and symptoms. Due to the important role of mitochondria in aerobic metabolism, the eyes are among the more preferentially involved organs. The clinical diagnosis of mitochondrial disease can be facilitated by an improved knowledge of the types and magnitude of their various manifestations. The aim of this study was to describe the ophthalmological manifestations of patients with mitochondrial diseases that are currently not well elucidated. Methods: From a database of patients with verified primary mitochondrial disease (n = 81) who had visited our institution we identified 74 patients who had ophthalmologic examinations. Demographic, clinical, and ophthalmologic data were collected. Institutional review board approval was obtained. Results: A total of 74 patients were identified with Leigh disease, MELAS, MERRF, CPEO, Pearson/Kearns-Sayre syndrome, as well as other mtDNA point mutations, deletions, depletions, and mutations. Overall, 26 of the 74 patients (35%) had one or more ophthalmological abnormalities. Retinal pigmentary changes were present in 12/74 (16%) of patients. Partial or total optic atrophy (OA) was noted in 8/74 (10%) of patients. Decreased extra-ocular movement (EOM) was noted in 6/74 (8%) of patients. Other ophthalmological findings included macular atrophy (2/74), macular dystrophy (1/74), and visual field defects (1/74). Conclusions: Over one-third of our cohort of patients with mitochondrial disorders had ophthalmological manifestations, some of which affected vision significantly. Eye examinations are critical in patients with mitochondrial disease so that complete assessments of the effects of the underlying mutations are uncovered and the appropriate counseling and care are given.
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Abstract Ocular manifestations that occur directly or indirectly as result of a pathologic process that involves other parts of the body, in a pediatric population, will be discussed here. While a myriad number of systemic conditi...
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Abstract Ocular manifestations that occur directly or indirectly as result of a pathologic process that involves other parts of the body, in a pediatric population, will be discussed here. While a myriad number of systemic conditions have ocular manifestations, its importance cannot be undermined because it has implications for both diagnosis and treatment. Often, the eye findings can give a clue to the systemic diagnosis and at other times, not managing the eye manifestations can lead to irreversible blindness although the systemic condition was treated well. So, it is important for all clinicians dealing with pediatric population to be aware of ocular manifestations of the common systemic conditions. The authors discuss the ocular manifestations of the following systemic conditions: Genetic and chromosomal anomalies, phakomatoses, metabolic disorders, infectious diseases, craniofacial anomalies, muscular disorders, inflammatory disorders and miscellaneous.
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Purpose To assess the prevalence of retinopathy and its association with systemic morbidity and laboratory indices of coagulation and inflammatory dysfunction in severe COVID-19. Design Retrospective, observational cohort study. M...
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Purpose To assess the prevalence of retinopathy and its association with systemic morbidity and laboratory indices of coagulation and inflammatory dysfunction in severe COVID-19. Design Retrospective, observational cohort study. Methods Adult patients hospitalized with severe COVID-19 who underwent ophthalmic examination from April to July 2020 were reviewed. Retinopathy was defined as one of the following: 1) Retinal hemorrhage; 2) Cotton wool spots; 3) Retinal vascular occlusion. We analyzed medical comorbidities, sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) scores, clinical outcomes, and laboratory values for their association with retinopathy. Results Thirty-seven patients with severe COVID-19 were reviewed, the majority of whom were female (n = 23, 62%), Black (n = 26, 69%), and admitted to the intensive care unit (n = 35, 95%). Fourteen patients had retinopathy (38%) with retinal hemorrhage in 7 (19%), cotton wool spots in 8 (22%), and a branch retinal artery occlusion in 1 (3%) patient. Patients with retinopathy had higher SOFA scores than those without retinopathy (8.0 vs. 5.3, p = .03), higher rates of respiratory failure requiring invasive mechanical ventilation and shock requiring vasopressors (p < .01). Peak D-dimer levels were 28,971 ng/mL in patients with retinopathy compared to 12,575 ng/mL in those without retinopathy (p = .03). Peak CRP was higher in patients with cotton wool spots versus those without cotton wool spots (354 mg/dL vs. 268 mg/dL, p = .03). Multivariate logistic regression modeling showed an increased risk of retinopathy with higher peak D-dimers (aOR 1.32, 95% CI 1.01-1.73, p = .04) and male sex (aOR 9.6, 95% CI 1.2-75.5, p = .04). Conclusion Retinopathy in severe COVID-19 was associated with greater systemic disease morbidity involving multiple organs. Given its association with coagulopathy and inflammation, retinopathy may offer insight into disease pathogenesis in patients with severe COVID-19.
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Guinea pigs are frequently seen in general practice, presented both for routine health checks and for treatment of illnesses. This final article of the series discusses some common conditions seen in guinea pigs presented to thesu...
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Guinea pigs are frequently seen in general practice, presented both for routine health checks and for treatment of illnesses. This final article of the series discusses some common conditions seen in guinea pigs presented to thesurgery, focussing on urogenital, dermatological, endocrine and ophthalmic disease.
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Objective The purpose of this study is to evaluate a group of young commercially available Skinny pigs, to gain information regarding ocular findings in this breed of guinea pig. Comparisons of ocular findings are to be made betwe...
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Objective The purpose of this study is to evaluate a group of young commercially available Skinny pigs, to gain information regarding ocular findings in this breed of guinea pig. Comparisons of ocular findings are to be made between Skinny pigs and haired guinea pigs. Animal studied Ten haired guinea pigs and ten Skinny pigs were examined. Procedure A complete ophthalmic examination including Schirmer tear test-II (STT-II), phenol red thread test (PRTT), rebound tonometry with TonoVet PLUS, Fluorescein and Rose Bengal stain was performed. Microbiology swabs for aerobic bacterial growth were collected from conjunctiva of both eyes prior to the ophthalmic examination. Results The ophthalmic examination revealed seven abnormal ocular findings: trichiasis, mucopurulent discharge, hyperemia/chemosis of the conjunctiva, corneal fibrosis, corneal vascularization, and foreign body on the cornea or conjunctiva. Skinny pigs had a significantly higher amount of mucopurulent discharge (P = .0133) and a significantly higher STT-II (P < .001) than haired guinea pigs. Although not significant, trichiasis, keratitis with corneal vascularization, and foreign body presence were more common in Skinny pigs. Significantly more Skinny pigs had Pasteurellaceae isolated from their conjunctiva than haired guinea pigs (P = .0112). Antimicrobial susceptibility for the five Pasteurellaceae organisms isolated revealed susceptibility toward oxytetracycline, tobramycin, ciprofloxacin, and ofloxacin, whereas resistance was found toward erythromycin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and moxifloxacin. Conclusion Young Skinny pigs have a higher risk of Pasteurellaceae-associated conjunctivitis. Oxytetracycline, tobramycin, ciprofloxacin, and ofloxacin were identified as topical antibiotics that may be useful for Pasteurellaceae-associated conjunctivitis in Skinny pigs.
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? 2023 Elsevier B.V.Exosomes contain multiple bioactive molecules and maintain the connection between cells. Recent advances in exosome-based therapeutics have witnessed unprecedented opportunities in treating ophthalmic diseases,...
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? 2023 Elsevier B.V.Exosomes contain multiple bioactive molecules and maintain the connection between cells. Recent advances in exosome-based therapeutics have witnessed unprecedented opportunities in treating ophthalmic diseases, including traumatic diseases, autoimmune diseases, chorioretinal diseases and others. Utilization of exosomes as delivery vectors to encapsulate both drugs and therapeutic genes could yield higher efficacy and avoid the unnecessary immune responses. However, exosome-based therapies also come with some potential ocular risks. In this review, we first present a general introduction to exosomes. Then we provide an overview of available applications and discuss their potential risks. Moreover, we review recently reported exosomes as delivery vectors for ophthalmic diseases. Finally, we put forward future perspectives to grapple with its translation and underlying issues.
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In pharmaceutical companies and research institutes, many toxicity tests are performed with laboratory animals. This study was performed to produce reference data for eye toxicity tests and to investigate the ophthalmic diseases o...
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In pharmaceutical companies and research institutes, many toxicity tests are performed with laboratory animals. This study was performed to produce reference data for eye toxicity tests and to investigate the ophthalmic diseases of 408 ICR mice and 119 BALB/c mice, which are commonly used as subjects in toxicity tests. The experimental animals without clinical disorders were selected regardless of sex. The ophthalmic diseases were examined by using special ophthalmic instruments: direct ophthalmoscope, indirect ophthalmoscope, slit-lamp biomicroscope and focal illuminator. The most prevalent ocular variation within normal limits was hyaloid vessel remnant (ICR mice, 28.2%; BALB/c mice, 31.9%) and the incidence gradually decreased with age. The ocular diseases found in ICR mice were retinal degeneration (9.8%), corneal scar (4.2%), focal cataract (2.2%), anisocoria (1.2%), corneal ulcer (0.2%) and uveitis (0.2%). In BALB/c mice, corneal scar (9.2%), focal cataract (1.7%) and corneal ulcer (0.8%) were the ocular diseases found.
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The purpose of this study was to investigate spontaneous eye disease in New Zealand White (NZW) rabbits, which are commonly used for toxicity tests, and to provide reference materials for pharmaceutical companies and research cent...
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The purpose of this study was to investigate spontaneous eye disease in New Zealand White (NZW) rabbits, which are commonly used for toxicity tests, and to provide reference materials for pharmaceutical companies and research centers. A total of 586 NZW rabbits were randomly chosen without sex preference and were examined using ocular equipment, including a direct ophthalmoscope, an indirect ophthalmoscope, a slit-lamp biomicroscope, a focal illuminator, and a fundus camera. This study showed that the incidence rate of temporary cataracts, regarded as a change within normal variation, was 0.5% in the NZW rabbits. Regarding abnormal ophthalmic disease, blepharitis was the most commonly observed ocular disease. Other findings included cataract, conjunctivitis, choroidal hypoplasia, keratitis, corneal scarring, eyelid laceration, posterior synechiae, uveitis, dacryocystitis, and persistent pupillary membrane. In total, the incidence rate of ophthalmic diseases was 9.6%. Based on sex and age distributions, females had more ocular diseases than males, and rabbits were less susceptible to eye diseases as they got older. In this study, photographs were taken to document findings, such as normal fundus, normal variations, ophthalmic disease, and histopathologic examination.
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